Jan Ken Managing Conflict in Relationships Essay

Jan Ken: Managing Conflict in Relationships Unit 9 Assignment Marie Holloway Kaplan University Author Note: This research is being submitted on March 11, 2014 for Mark Lambertson’s CM206 Interpersonal Communications course. Q #1: Using the chapters on language and emotions to help frame your answer, suggest two ways that Ken could open this conversation more productively, beyond clearly expressing his emotions and using â€Å"I† language. Ken could have used language that promotes cooperation and mutual respect. †Jan, we’ve been friends for a long time and I’d like to discuss a situation before it interferes with our relationship.† or â€Å" Jan, there’s a problem in our friendship that we need to†¦show more content†¦204-206), and nonverbal metacommunication (Wood, 2013, P. 27, 233). Ken used them in his unsuccessful attempt to emphasize the seriousness of the situation, whereas Jan utilized them with her defensive listening (Wood, 2013, P. 155). This created a negative outcome. Cues are a symbolic perception of how we are interpreted whether it be verbal or non verbal. Therefore, our intention must first be focused on creating a good outcome and cons ider effective communication by engaging in dual perspective and monitor the communication (Wood, 2013, P. 31-33) to become productive and resolve any conflict. Secondly, relax! Don’t be so tense and intense about the situation, it comes across as the chilling effect (Wood, 2013, P. 178) and causes an unwanted reaction. Show that you are emotionally involved within the conflict by effectively expressing your emotions (Wood, 2013, P. 180-181) and respond sensitively when others communicate their emotions (Wood, 2013, P. 186-187). Show grace while engaged in the conflict (Wood, 2013, P. 243). Q #5: The conversation seems to be framed in a win-lose orientation to conflict. Each person wants to be right, and to win at the expense of the other. How can Jan and Ken move their conflict discussion into a win-win orientation? They should focus on a healthy conflict that involves all three parties: Ken, Jan and the relationship (Wood, 2013, P. 241). Honoring all three within theShow MoreRelatedThe Workplace Of The 21st Century2710 Words   |  11 PagesThe workplace of the 21st century is continuously changing. There is more diversity in the workplace than ever before. Diversity is defined as real or perceived differences among people that affect their interactions and relationships (Bell 4). In this paper we will explore multi generations in the workplace with focus on the millennial cohort. According to Merriam Webster, cohort is a group of people used in a study who have something (such as age or social class) in common. In Generations at WorkRead MoreThe Five Dysfunctions o f a Team a Leadership Fable46009 Words   |  185 Pageshad known the Chairman for many years on a personal level (Kathryn had actually ï ¬ rst met him when her husband coached his oldest son in high school), she could not have imagined that he thought so highly of her as an executive. Most of their relationship had been social, centering around family, school, and local athletics. Kathryn assumed that the Chairman had little idea about her life outside her role as a mother and coach’s wife. In fact, the Chairman had followed Kathryn’s career withRead MoreToys R Us8534 Words   |  35 PagesIndustry (MITI), U.S. Commerce Secretary Robert Mosbacher, U.S. Ambassador to Japan Michael Armacost, Japanese Ambassador to the United States Ryohei Murata, Toys R Us Chairman Charles Lazarus, and the local governor and mayor. About 2,000 Nara-ken policemen and students from local police academies were mobilized in a massive security measure. About 5,000 people came to witness the event, many of them waved small Japanese and American flags1 . President Bush thanked the gathered officials andRead MoreMgmt 309 Chapter 1 Test Bank Essay5760 Words   |  24 Pagesengaged in a. starting a corporation. b. starting an organization. c. creating a managerial hierarchy. d. creating a bureaucracy. e. creating an organizational matrix. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: p. 4 OBJ: 1.1 NAT: AACSB: R MSC: Type: App 4. Ken and Jan Robelot have started an organization to sell Kennys Cajun Popcorn, a peppery-flavored popcorn. The startup process for this organization included a. deciding on a product to make. b. identifying potential competitors for the flavored popcornRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Marketing Assistant: Ian Gold Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Senior Production Project Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions ProjectRead MoreDissertation Proposal on Managing Diversity of Workforce18916 Words   |  76 Pages2009 Robert D. Lawsson 215 IDENTIFYING AND MANAGING DIVERSITY OF WORKFORCE Robert D. Lawsson (MSc) Abstract The objective of this work is to complete a research proposal on the comparison of work values for gaining of knowledge for management of the multi-generation workforce. The specific focus is upon Generation ‘X’ and the Millennium Generation which are the two primary groups comprising the new workforce. Lawsson R.D. - Identifying and Managing Diversity of Workforce 216 Business IntelligenceRead More1234567897581 Words   |  31 Pagesof Colorado-Boulder 1986-1989 Teaching Assistant, University of Wisconsin-Madison Sole responsibility for classes OTHER WORK EXPERIENCE 1984-1985 Advertising Assistant/Acting Manager TeleVideo Systems, Inc. San Jose, CA Jan. to June 1984 Advertising Coordinator Hewlett Packard Co. Cupertino, CA RESEARCH INTERESTS I study the marketing of high-technology products and services, including a broad range of technologies, including but not limited to the InternetRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesSetting a cost and time baseline schedule (1.3.5) [8.1.3] 6.5.2.3 Critical chain method Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Reducing Project Duration Leadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Read MoreWater as a Source of Future Conflict in Sa26984 Words   |  108 Pages CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Fierce competition for fresh water may well become a source of conflict and wars in the future. - Kofi Annan, former U.N. Secretary-General in 2001 Background of the Study 1. Water is directly related with the survival of human kind and it is crucial unlike other resources, because it does not have choices and alternatives. As a consequence of global warming and pollution, importance of water has increased much. Some 2 billion people† already lack water supplies.Read MoreCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 PagesWinter Term 2 2014-15 University of British Columbia Table of Contents Teamwork Turmoil............................................................................................................................5 Campbell and Bailyns Boston Office: Managing the Reorganization.............................................13 The Rise of President Barack Hussein Obama..............................................................................23 2. TEAMWORK TURMOIL Tony Marshall, a second-year learning

Animal Farm, By George Orwell, Uses Real World Examples

Animal Farm, by George Orwell, uses real world examples to link a specific purpose to the unfortunate society. This novel is relevant to the world because in today’s society. Power is often misused and abused. Today’s world if full of scandals by people misusing funds, abuse of power, and taking advantage of the innocent.. To link this novel even more to the real word, Orwell compares Animal Farm to the Russian revolution, which leads to symbols throughout this novel. Authors today are extremely different from Orwell. Some of the symbolic meanings are the barn, the windmill, the Russian revolution, the seven commandments, and the battle of the cowshed, with a multitude of more. In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell incorporates three†¦show more content†¦Raymond Williams states, â€Å"Yet Orwell was at the same time deeply moved by what he saw of avoidable or remediable suffering and poverty, and he was convinced that the means of remedy are social, involvin g commitment, involving association,and, to the degree that he was serious, involving himself†(15). Animal Farm also displays that too much power can corrupt anybody. Sparknotes Editors explains: On Animal Farm, however, as was in the case in the Russian Revolution, power is quickly consolidated in the hands of those who devise, maintain, and participate in the running of society- the intelligentsia. This class of Russians and their allies quickly turned the Communist Party toward totalitarianism, an event mirrored in Animal Farm by the gradual assumption of power by the pigs. When Major’s theory Animalism is put in place, the pigs began to take over. Orwell gives two significant symbolic figures to symbolize the animal revolution. First, is the victims of the battle. The two victims were in control of the area. In Animal Farm, Mr. Jones is brutally attacked and they pigs put him out. The animals use their power to rename the farm, Animal Farm. They also became leader due to their intelligence. Last but certainly not least, is the culture of each parties. The previous parties had the characteristics of socialism. Critics point outShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm Vs Animal Farm Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel the Animal Farm and in the film The Truman show, both authors try to paint a picture of what utopia and a good life demonstrates through these two texts. If a good life is wanted then the animals need to work together to achieve their goal and truman needs to find out what is the real truth for him. The Truman Show and Animal Farm both try to convey what utopia would look like in our world by showing a false sense of what the world seems to be. Power and control is a huge theme in theRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s The Great Gatsby 1285 Words   |  6 PagesMr.Booth Period 6 English 12/3/14 Author Study of George Orwell George Orwell was a literary tactician who won two major awards because of hia advanced and intriguing use of propaganda. At first glance, his books appear to be stories about animals, however, they contain much deeper and influential meanings. Orwell is most recognized for his portrayal of dystopian societies and how they parallel present society. Through intense allegories, Orwell unintentionally crafted novels that are applicableRead MoreAnimal Farm And The Truman Show Analysis1341 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel ‘animal farm’ and the film ‘the Truman show’ George Orwell and Peter weir talk about how power, utopian societies, and the good life are relevant to the narratives. In these film/novel. In Animal Farm/ Truman show power can be used in many ways good or bad, but if you have too much of it you can use the power you have in many bad ways. The good life is demonstrated as the place where everyone works together and can achieve their goals in lif e. These novel/films have made it clear thatRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1175 Words   |  5 PagesAn enthusiastic participant in the Spanish civil war in 1936, George Orwell had a great understanding of the political world and made his strong opinions known through his enlightening literary works, many of which are still read in our modern era. Inspired by the 1917 Russian Revolution and the failed society it resulted in, Animal Farm by George Orwell is an encapsulating tale that epitomises how a free utopian society so idealistic can never be accomplished. Th e novella exemplifies how influencesRead MoreSymbolism and Literary Techniques in George Orwells Animal Farm1167 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Orwell’s Animal Farm is an allegoric fairy tale type novel that uses irony, satire, and allegory to portray the true identity of media censored Communist Russia. Because of the relationship between America and Communist Russia during WWII, Animal Farm was not originally received with warmth because it was thought of as harmful propaganda. But then, during the Cold War, when US-USSR relations soured, George Orwell’s novel was finally read. George Orwell, the pseudonym of Eric Blair, conceivedRead MoreSymbolism and Allegory in Animal Farm1657 Words   |  7 PagesSymbolism and allegory in three aspects of Animal Farm : Old major, The Windmill and The Seven Commandments George Orwell uses symbols throughout the novel Animal Farm to show how the upper class groups use manipulation to their advantage. Animal Farm in simple terms is the allegory of a revolution gone sour. Animalism, Communism, and Fascism are all the symbols which are used by the pigs as a means of satisfying their greed and lust for power. As Lord Acton wrote: Power tends to corrupt; absoluteRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1433 Words   |  6 PagesMay 29, 2017 Animals Farm Research Paper â€Å"All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others.† George Orwell’s novella Animal Farm. Orwell’s goal in writing Animal Farm was to illustrate the 1917 Russian Revolution, and depict a government more tyrannical and oppressive than the one it overthrew. The characters and the events in Animal Farm mirror the Russian Revolution. For example, in the novella Manor Farm is a representation of Russia. Whereas animals like Old MajorRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pages George Orwell’s Animal Farm is a story of pure propaganda. Propaganda is a recurring theme and technique seen and used by characters in the book, as well as the author. Animal Farm is an allegory that focuses on the communist revolution in Russia. Being an allegory, events in the book accurately depict actual events in history that actually relate to propaganda. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Propaganda is a central element to the plot of Animal Farm. Propaganda is used by various methods in theRead MoreAnimals Take Over in Animal Farm by George Orwell1370 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell, the animals take over the farm and develop their own independent society. Just as it happened during the Russian Revolution of 1917. George Orwell underlies the tension between the oppressed and the exploiting classes between the condescending ideals and harsh realities of socialism. During the course of the literary piece by George Orwell makes it clear how the animals are mistreated by â€Å"Mr. Jones â€Å", because of this treatment they are receiving; Old

Animorphs Essay Example For Students

Animorphs Essay One of my favorite books is Animorphs#7 The Stranger. Its about five kids who have the power to morph. In otherwords they can change into any animal they touch. By touch I mean they absorb a strand of the animals DNA. Then,from the DNA, they are able to create an exact copy of the animal and take on the copy. They can change into any animalthey touch. There is a series of these books. In this book they find an entrance to a Yeerk pool, a necessity of their alienenemies, the Yeerks. Once inside they creep around, as roaches, to see if they can pick up any information about thelocation of the Yeerks Kandrona, a portable version of the Yeerks home sun, which is also a necessity, so they candestroy it. However they dont count on being a Taxxon delicacy. The Taxxons are allies of the Yeerks. Just as theAnimorphs, Jake, Rachel, Marco, Cassie, and their alien friend Ax, are about to be devoured, time itself stops, except forthe Animorphs. Then they meet an Ellimist, a creature who is woven into time and space itself, who stopped time to askthe Animorphs to decide the fate of the human race. They can either go to another planet and leave Earth to the Yeerks orthey can stay and fight. When the decision to stay is made the Ellimist puts them back on the Taxxons tongue. Somehow,they manage to get out of the Yeerk pool in one piece. A couple days later, they meet in the woods around Cassies house and are having conversation about reconsidering theEllimists offer. Suddenly they are zapped into a possible future. There they walk and look around freely, since everyone isa Controller, a creature controlled by a Yeerk. See Yeerks are parasites. They infest a creatures brain and take over itsbody. The creature is still there, but it can do nothing. Back to the story. While the Animorphs are walking around theycome upon a HUGE Yeerk pool. It was more like a lake. You could have ridden a boat around in it and you wouldntlook out of place. A Bug Fighter then lands near the Yeerk po ol. A Bug Fighter is the smallest kind of spaceship theYeerks have. Rachel, an Animorph, feels drawn to the Bug Fighter, so she and Ax walk over to it. Since everyone thinksAx is Visser One, the most powerful Yeerk, everyone stays out of their way. Then the real Visser One steps out, alongwith another Rachel who is a Controller. After Rachel knocks Visser One down, as a bear, they are transported back tothe present by the Ellimist. That night Rachel has a dream and figures out where the Kandrona is. After gathering everyoneup, they go to the EGS Tower. Next they morph into their dangerous animals and break in and go to the top floor. Therethey go into a room where eight Hork Bajir Controllers are guarding the Kandrona.Hork Bajir are aliens taken over bythe Yeerks. After a huge battle The Animorphs go into another room where the Kandrona is. Then they go home,with aBibliography:Animorphs, The Stragegy

Sun Country Airlines Leadership Style

Introduction In modern contemporary business environments, change is inevitable; change is defined as a strategic process that involves transitions that move an organization from its current state to a desired state; the objectives of change vary with situation, however, the main goal of a change process is to improve business processes, products, and strategies.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sun Country Airlines Leadership Style specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaders in a change management system have the mandate of managing the new strategies so that their organizations can integrate and adapt new business model in the minimum period without destructing the normal operations. Scholars are of the opinion that managing change is all about managing old habits of the people; it a people management issue that involves motivating, influencing, and shaping organizational behavior to the desired line. Inve ntion of airline and increased globalization has necessitated the growth of airline companies; the increase number taking different approaches has resulted to an increased competition; to remain competitive, companies in the industry has to keep changing and adjusting their processes (Ashkanasy, 2011). In the United States, being the world largest economy has embarked on massive invention in airline industry; one of the most successful companies in the industry is Sun Country Airlines. The success of the company has been attributed to its effective management styles where leaders’ manager changes in the industry effectively (Sun Country Airlines official cite, 2011). This report is from an interview conducted with Stanley J. Gadek, Sun Countries chief executive officer, it will discuss various issues as undertaken in the company. The history of the Sun Country Airlines Sun Country is one of the youngest airline companies in the United States; it was founded after misfortune a nd failure of Braniff International Airport in 1982. The main shareholders of the company were the pilots who were working in the fallen company and MLT Vacations, which owned 51%; it has its head quarters at Minneapolis-St. Paul suburb of Mendota Heights, Minnesota.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The company concentrates in low cost airline business with its main countries as United States (Domestic), United Kingdom, Mexico, and Caribbean; its main operating port is Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport (MSP). The initial approach of the company was small with only one airplane, Air Florida Boeing 727–227, however nine year down the line, it was one of the fastest growing industries in the United States; in 1991, and the company recorded an income of $9.7 million (Sun Country Airlines official cite, 2011). It has among the most current technologicall y developed Boeing 737 Next-Generation airplanes; when in high season, the company leases some planes from other companies. Currently the company’s chief executive officer is Mr. Gadded; the company has not gone this far without some hassles, in 1999, after doubling its operations and increased staffs numbers, it was faced by operation issues resulting from the September 11th United States bombing, the company has to suspend operations (Sun Country Airlines official cite, 2011).. Stanley J. Gadek has been in the airline industry for more than 20 years, he started his career in 1977 with Ernst Young LLP; he served as the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of AirTran Airways Inc. from 2000 to April 30, 2000, before taking the role of Chief Executive Office of Sun Country Airlines at Petters Group Worldwide. Leadership Style Demonstrated by Stanley J. Gadek Stanley J. Gadek is a charisma leader who adopts a democratic leadership skill, a style where he involves staffs and ot her subordinates in decision-making. Despite the fact that staffs are involved in decision-making, the manager is aware that he holds the responsibility of the decision thus he leads the team to an effective, responsive, and timely decisions. He is leader who led by example and understands that he should be in the forefront guiding their team to the desired destination; he has to develop the strategies and synergies to see Sun Country succeed. The self-drive is not enough, they should be able to motivate their team members to come out and use their energies and powers to the benefit of a company (Jakupec Garrick, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sun Country Airlines Leadership Style specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When comforted by an issue, the manager makes to it that he has diagnosed the condition and situation to ensure that the right decision has been reached; staffs with the experience and profession to come up with the correct decision are involved in the process. Despite the approach, the manager understands that some decision are better made with no consultation; he does so in the right time and the best method. Qualities, characteristics, and skills of Stanley J. Gadek According to Fielder’s and Contingency Model of leadership, no one distinct method of leadership that can apply to all situations; different teams need different leadership approaches, however some common characteristics that team managers should posses, they include: Visionary Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s Leadership continuum model, is of the opinion that leaders have the main role of leading their teams to great heights, they should be seeing the future and have the strategies to move there. Stanley J. Gadek has the main role of being the business strategic and devises the pathway that the airline will follow. This theory embraces contingency, which argues that behavior of leaders varie s along continuum, the behavior should be seen to evolve for the good of the company. It states that participatory and involvement in decision making of an individual increase as one deviates from autocratic extremes. Four leaderships styles attributed to this model includes autocratic, consultative, persuasive and democratic; whichever the style that a leader adopts, it should be seen to be developing and adding value to the company. To make the visions right, and come up with the right decision, Stanley J. Gadek involves his team members in the decision making process; this assists in building effective teams and managing of situations. For example in the September 11 2001 bombing, the company was at the risk of losing business, however, with the involvement of staffs, the company was able to come out clean (Xiao-Ping, 2011). Decisiveness Stanley J. Gadek makes effective decisions when needed; the decision are timely and respond to the need at hand; Leaders should have the motivat ion and capacity to add value to their company; they should be willing to go the extra mile for the benefit of the company.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When operating in a team, managers should be vibrant and willing to look for better ways in handing issues; they should aim at adding value to their organization as well as maintain a high record of events. The success of Sun Country is based on the quality of decisions made by its management and the involvement of ream players. Effective leaders use most of their time communicating; communicating does not mean giving instructions or orders , but means a person who is able to involve his peers and team members in making sound decisions. He accepts inputs of his juniors but is willing to take full responsibility of a decision. Good Interpersonal skills An effective leader should be able to create a good environment in amongst members of his team; he is expected to create an environment that allows sharing of information, the bossy attitude should not be created so as team members can be able to approach him effectively. Team members may have some personal issues that might affect the performance of the team; a team leader should be empathetic with them and never be sympathetic. This will assist in assist in making decisions among the team and creating a favorable working environment; Stanley J. Gadek interacts feely with his juniors and seniors to make sure they jointly work for the good of the company. There are different areas that are changing in the airline industry; Stanley J. Gadek acts as the change agent in the company; to translate effectively his company top its desired level, he has to coach his subordinates and affect knowledge on them. Teams’ skills and professionalism can only be boosted if the team leader can be able to coach his team members on areas that need to be improved. Coaching takes the form of daily guidance, training and mentoring when need be; leaders should have the skills and the approach to coach his team members. In times of change, a leader who coaches his people on different areas always have an easy time moving his team from one level to another. Coach and Team player An orchestrate team can only be developed by leaders who have excellence team building skill; the major difference between effective and effective leaders is the way they teams; an effective leader has the role of developing a team from a group. An effective leader has the role of combining the different talents, strengths and weakness for the benefits of the company. Motivational and empowerment strategies adopted at Sun Country Sun Country’s Airline human capital can broadly be divided into flying crew and administration; the management has the role of ensuring that all the members are highly motivated and dedicated to carry out their roles effectiveness. Gadek as the chief executive officer has the role of creating favorable environment to the company that will enable motivation among the team members. Human resources management department has the role of ensuring their teams are highly motivated through human resources poli cies and other policies within the organization. The company is divided into departments and sections; every section is seen as a team; in-group management, effective leaders adopt the spirit of delegation, delegation can be redefined as a strategic approach of diving role and empowering subordinates to do certain tasks that were done by those higher in the authority. The spirit of delegation is highly advocated for the company as one for of improving the performance of human resources and as a way of growing leaders and facilitating innovation in the company. When tasks have been delegated, human resources feel that there is higher confidence and trust that the company has on him and he gets highly motivated. Within Sun country teams, team leaders need to develop the talents, skills and grow the leadership skills within the group, the most effective way of growing team members and ensuring that they are highly motivated is through strategic delegations. For example, in the flying c rew, the leader of the team per every fright has the role of ensuring that any concern raised by employees has been addressed; they also delegate their supervision tasks to some other members of the crew. Gadek himself when off duty or on a place far from his office, he delegates power and gives the assistance the much needed support for effective business. When members are given a major role to play, they feel appreciated and they get motivated, it also grows the spirit of teamwork. When it comes to empowerments, it follows the same approach with delegation however, empowerment is more concerned about making decisions which the team member could not have made initially; note than in delegation, the team leader is still responsible of the outcome of the delegated role since he has offered directions to be followed. In empowerment, the staff empowered is given the full control of a project and is held accountable of the outcomes. Another approach that the company uses to motivate its team members is through mentorship, training and coaching; every manager has the role of shaping his staffs focus and improving their skills. In day-to-day operations, it is the role of the manager to nurture talents and grow leadership in an organization. The leaders understand that aspiring leaders should look for situations that they work under the guidance of a successful leader, at work places, supervisors and leaders have the role of mentoring their team members as a way of developing them. Mentoring differs with coaching in that it is seen as a continuous process that takes place daily in working environment. Counseling on the other hand is offering warnings and trying to solve some personal issues, beliefs and cultures that might hinder the development of a leader in an aspiring leader. To attract and maintain high caber staffs, Sun Country ensures that it has an effective wage and compensation policy; they have their salaries above the average salary rate. Other than respe cting international and national labor laws, the company has its own internal wages and compensation policy that allows for monetary and non-monetary compensations. Wages have emotional and psychological effects on employees, they communicate on the value that an employee have in the company as well as the willingness of the employer to retain his employees. The company’s wages are linked to the performance of employee; when wages are linked to performance, employees will be willing to go out of their way to better their performance in anticipation of higher returns. When employees are aware that their employer will reward their efforts, they get motivated to work harder in anticipation of high returns. High compensation for efforts made creates a system of mutual benefit where the employee gains on one side and the employer benefits from the other. Wages and compensation in the company takes the form of salaries, promotions, medical covers, insurance, and pension limited to the pensionable employees), education policies, team buildings, and paid leaves. The role of leaders (Stanley J. Gadek) in managing change Managers are important players in the change process in their organizations; they have the vision for the desired destination of their company, managers stand a better position to understand the past, present and the future thus when they are managing change, they do it from the informed angle. Managers are change agents in their departments and thus entrusted with the responsibility of managing change in a way that their employees can easily cope. The managers are the facilitators of change and must enable change in their respective departments. Sun Country has undergone through a number of changes, they are mostly strategy changes that needed to be handled with utmost care, for example in 1986, the company had to change its model and adopt first wide-body aircraft, a 380-seat DC-10-40, to assist it in improving its businesses. One time that the management of Stanley J. Gadek was put to test was in 2001 and 2002; it was the time that Northwest Airlines had accelerated its operations offering the company high competition, this was coupled with September 11 United States terror attacks; during 2001 summer, Sun Country was bleeding of financial help. It had also 737-8Q8 N800SY, N802SY, N803SY and a 737-7Q8, N710SY model of planes in the time. In time of change, transformational leadership model is of great importance, the leader must be seen as the changing agent and works to develop an effective change strategy. The transformation can only be attained when there is emotional intelligence and good cohesion within the team; the way teams adopt to change can be interpolated as a behavior that they have to adopt, it of great importance to have an effective change process, since change is inevitable. As change agents, the managers play the following roles in implementing change. The following are the roles that Gadek has played i n managing change: For an effective change, employees must support the change implemented; managers have the role of managing change in resistance in the organization, leaders play the role of a detective. As detectives, managers play the role of digging deep into the dynamics of employees’ behaviors to find clues to planned efforts to prevent change and thus determine appropriate measures for removing the obstacles; they aim at offering an atmosphere that allows an effective change. Leaders understand the direction and the organization needs to follow; for example in the wake of global financial crisis, they have to make changes that reduce the effects of the crisis to their businesses, they act as advocators of change. Managers are the vehicles of change in their departments. As an advocate of change, the manager plays the role of campaigning for change in his department and mobilizing employees to participate in the change process. Change can be to improve the current cond itions, take a complete strategy or adopt a different way of doing things. Change management is a process where the management learns, understand and critically think about alterations they are supposed to make in an organization. However, for an effective change process, change should not be imposed to employees but they should be involved in the change system. When undertaking a change, the employees are the immediate people who will be affected and thus they need to be engaged from the earliest stage. In transitional period the leaders is the one who guides subordinates to the desired path. They jointly make rules and policies to be followed in attaining the goals. The role of the leader in this case is to oversee the performance of the roles of subordinates and giving guidance in various areas. They should use the power they have to have pioneer change and motivate people to adopt change effectively (Wynbrandt, 2004). Strategies the leader used to address resistance to change an d implement rapid change. When implementing a change, one of the strongest hindrances to its fast and quick implementation is employee’s resistance. Resistance has been faced at Sun Country as the manager tend to implement new policies and approaches to the business; when an Sun Country is implementing a change, the most important feature that Stanley J. Gadek ensures is that there is effective change communication strategy. When a change is to be implemented, the Stanley J. Gadek himself communicates the change down the power structure and incase there is a need to call for staffs meeting, he does not hesitate to. In this communications, he ensures that staffs are free to air their views and give their input to the issue at hand. One most interesting aspect of change communication is that it appears across the entire process and pegged on communication within an organization. An effective communication in an organization means that issues and progress of the business are dis cussed in a way that the target group gets the intended message. In the case of a management that does not maintain good relations that facilitate communication, then when change comers will be seen as a move by the management to make things happen At Sun Country, communication is the system through which management and the teams transfer information; it also covers how employees communicate with each other. It is the company’s policy that change should be gradual and should not be affected before all the employees to be affected by the change fully understand and discuss the policy. One of the strongest pillars of this approach to change resistance is the flexibility and facilitated input by staffs, sometimes manager may be seeing things from a different plat from since they are not on the ground: when they involve staffs, their plans are enriched and change made better. When making changes that involve services Stanley J. Gadek ensures that he gets the inputs of his flying crew since they stand a better chance to understand what the operation are like and how they should be improved (Thompson, Strickland Gamble, 2010). When there is no effective communication, people are not being willing to come from their status quo and adopt the change but they will be willing to fight the change. Resistance to change when there is no communication is even higher when groups in the organization join hands together to repel the change. There will be no one who really understands the need for the change since they are a distance with the management. For example incase an organization want to establish a computer network in its flying operations, the employees may feel they the change is coming to replace them. They are likely to refuse change. The approach of change resistance management has been effective at Sun Country, the company has been able to move from a single plane company to multibillion companies, and on the other hand, the company was able to become pro fitable after the 2011 disaster after the changes implemented by the managers were managed effectively. Services of the company has continued been gauged among the top ten because of acceptance of the changes adopted in the section (Parker, 2009). Literature Review; the management approach by Stanley J. Gadek Literature agrees that no single management style can dominate an entire organization and make it outstanding; however, for an outstanding performance, a combination of leadership styles is needed. The most dominant style as adopted by Stanley J. Gadek is the democratic leadership approach. Sun country employs a democratic leadership style; the style is favored by organizational culture. The company has a freelance leadership style that encourages each person to contribute to decision making. When making a certain decision on a touching a certain department, Stanley J. Gadek calls for managers meetings where the head of the department comes and discusses the issue at hand. He r espects that they are better situated to understand the situation thus consulting them is paramount. For example in the wake of low cost planes, the manager has to consult the flying crew if they thought continuing to offer snacks and food bites in the planes was good for the company; they accepted (Margerison, 2002). In a democratic organization, leaders and employees interact freely. Employee’s views are considered in making managerial decisions however, there are decisions that are left to the management entirely an example of decision left to the management is on the strategic alliance that the company will engage in. To bring an issue up the management, the company has a well-set structure for this effect where junior employees give their views to line managers who are then responsible of escalating the problem if they cannot solve it at their level. Targets that employees are expected to meet are set by the management but their attainability is considered. The style of management follows a Hersey-Blanchard Model of leadership; it situational perspective of leadership where it argues that development of a leader is dependent of subordinates and therefore playas every important role in determining which leadership style. Under the model, managers can only be effective if they have their subordinates at heart and consult them when needed. It is based on task and relationship behavior and it therefore depends on the maturity of the followers. Three conditions that define best the situation are task behavior, relationship behavior and maturity of the followers. The model results in to four leadership styles as stated by Blanchard, which Include directing, coaching, supporting and delegating. In a democratic leadership style, manager’s delegate powers, empowers and nurtures their employees to become better managers in the future. The main strength that improves the human capital motivation is involvement and delegation of power (Black, 2003). How democratic leadership skill is seen at Sun Country When Stanley J. Gadek is communicating with his subordinates, they are free to share jokes and they freely consult each other. They work as a team and team spirit can be seen all along their operations. When there is a need, a meeting is conducted where they seek the way forward; as an organizational culture, employees believe that everything happening to the organization happens for their benefit thus they engage and participate in decision making actively. The value of democratic leadership can be seen when flying crews are planning their day out, they always have a meeting before they take off where they discuss an issue or two pertaining the journey ahead. The crew leader is seen as the chairperson of the briefing while other players are asked to participate in the decision-making. This attribute has been borrowed from Stanley J. Gadek. In board meeting, the Stanley J. Gadek acts as the secretary and has the task of initiating communication and information sharing pertaining the issue at hand (Ricky, 2004) Conclusion The success that Sun Country has attained in the fast competitive airline industry can be attributed to its effective management team led by Stanley J. Gadek; he is the strategist of the company. He has been able to create a winning organizational culture that responds fast and positively to change. Change in the airline industry is brought about by globalization, competition, customer behavior changes, and industrial changes. To manage resistance to change, Sun Country Airlines adopts a change communication strategy, assisted with the leadership style adopted by the management; employees have always entertained change. They see change as an improvement of current business situation for their gain. Stanley J. Gadek has managed to develop a freelance organizational culture where managers and employees interact freely; the culture supports staffs involvement in decision-making. Before making a strategic decision that is likely to affect the organization, leaders at different levels are expected to communicate the strategy to their subordinates and entrain any reaction from them; the approach has facilitated gradual growth in the company. References Ashkanasy, M. (2011). Leadership. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33(3),1099-1379. Black, R.(2003). Organisational Culture: Creating the Influence Needed for Strategic Success. Boston: Boston Universal publishers. Jakupec, V., Garrick, J. (2002). Flexible learning, human resource and organizational development: Putting theory to work. London: Rutledge. Marge Rison, C. (2002). Team leadership. Gale: Engage Learning. Parker, G. (2009).Team Leadership: 20 Proven Tools for Success. New Jersey: Human Resource Development Press. Ricky W. (2004). Fundamentals of Management. New York: Cengage Publishing Company. Sun Country Airlines official cite.(2011). Sun Country Airlines. Web. Thompson, A.., Strickland, A.J., Gamble, J.E. (20 10). Crafting and executing strategy: The quest for competitive advantage: Concepts and cases: 2009 custom edition (17th Ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill-Irwin. Wynbrandt, J. (2004). Flying High. New York: John Wiley Sons Inc. Xiao-Ping, C. (2011). Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 115 (1), 1-144. This research paper on Sun Country Airlines Leadership Style was written and submitted by user Shane Winters to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bioterrorism in Nursing Essays

Bioterrorism in Nursing Essays Bioterrorism in Nursing Paper Bioterrorism in Nursing Paper Bioterrorism is the premeditated utilization of destructive organic matters or germs to cause the rife of illness and fear among the civilians as well as to the people who are in the medicine field. Its substance is easily spread to a person that once contaminated, can cause instantaneous death to a person. This substance which may come in the form of smallpox, botulism, plague or anthrax and is different from chemical, nuclear or radiation attack wherein its effects is evident as the outcome and result of the attack can be easily seen through the surrounding environment (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). Bioterrorism on the other hands has the tendency to be recognized later than expected that once discovered might have done huge damage over the body making it too late for them to save their life. This is a biological weapons and is deemed as a threat of use on biological agents by individuals or groups motivated by political, religious, ecological, social or for other ideological objectives to instill fear or cause illness or death in order to achieve their objective. This means of instilling fear to people is not something new as it has been used even during the olden times. The issue of bioterrorism has not only affected and inflicted fear among the civilians wherein everyone doesn’t have any idea as to when they will attacked. Since this is a terrorist activity, choosing the victims is not an option in fact, whoever who was unfortunate to be targeted by the terrorists would surely fall into their hands and meet that dark fate. The effects of bioterrorism also has also been faced by the nurses and health workers wherein part of their job is to do any means to help treat the victim without at the same time contaminating their own selves thus putting their life in the line. Measures have been made, in cases bioterrorism attacks happen again. It is an effort and a strategy to make people be prepared and to know the safety measures and maintain precaution. Addressing the role individuals can play in preparing for and responding to terrorist attacks has benefits on two levels (Brower and Chalk, 2003). On one level, an act of terrorism will result in an emergency situation and, as with any sort of emergency event, there are a number of preparatory and response activities that individuals can engage in to help protect their safety and health. On another level, because ordinary citizens are a primary target of terrorism, being informed, prepared, and ready to respond is likely to provide an individual with a sense of empowerment and confidence to combat the feelings of violation and despair that are the aims of terrorism. Moreover, if terrorists believe that they are less likely to be successful because of individual preparedness, then that preparedness could also serve to deflect terrorists from attacks. As often is the case with new threats, the scope of the dangers posed by terrorism is very difficult to assess. Although one can assign various probabilities to the possibility that the nation will be subject to a major act of biological terrorism, these probabilities are based largely on speculation. Moreover, the scope of the threat varies immensely according to which agents are expected to be used (e. g. , how infectious they are), how proficiently they are produced (e. g. , if they have been modified to resist treatment, are two or more agents combined, or are they newly designed â€Å"super bugs†) how easy they are to deliver and spread, how difficult they are to detect, and so on (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). In proceeding, it is crucial to realize that both the probability of an attack and the magnitude of its potential severity must be considered. Even if it were somehow reliably known that the probability of a bioterrorist attack was very low, the negative outcome of such an attack could be very great: attackers could use agents that are very infectious, easy to spread, difficult to detect, modified to prevent treatment, and might result in high fatality rates. Because of this potentially disastrous consequence, one must conclude that we face a clear and present danger (Brower and Chalk, 2003). Nurses of these days were made sure to be aware of the current issue so as to make them well prepared in case that this event might break out again. It is a biodefense wherein health professionals were trained and educated on the issue at hand and give them the suitable knowledge on what to do and come up with counter attack in such cases. Methods have been explored by researchers wherein health professionals may utilize such process to appraise infections, classify biomarkers for particular substance and chemicals and expound its effects. This is an advantage for nurses too who would likely be confronted in such situations as majority of them worked in hospitals (Etzioni, 2004). Nurses are well-acquainted to the various reaction to trauma, relationship on stress, sleep and health, and the physiological, immunological and psychosocial changes that takes place with posttraumatic stress syndrome. Nurses were also trained to assess the preparation and response capabilities of hospital sand public health facilities and the competence to make out the apposite skills for nurses and other members of interdisciplinary health teams and paving way to the education of nurses about mass casualty incidents in harnessing their emergency response. Strategies involves actions that individuals can take that can save lives, even in catastrophic terrorist attacks can be demonstrated by tracing the recommended actions back to the terrorist attack scenarios and seeing how they respond effectively to an individuals needs for safety and health. Protection can be achieved against chemical agents, dirty bombs, and nuclear fallout (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). Once a biological attack has been identified, medical treatment can help prevent smallpox and anthrax infections. Even in the most challenging situations of nuclear and indoor chemical attacks, individuals can avoid the dangers, if they act quickly. Terrorist attacks and the accompanying uncertainties can be expected to evoke intense emotional and behavioral responses on the part of individuals (Dando, 2002). Knowing that individuals can act to save lives and knowing what to do has the additional advantage of making it easier and potentially more likely that individuals will be able to cope in such catastrophic situations. The individuals strategy is sensitive to potential variations in how terrorist attacks might unfold. This is by design because the response actions are derived from scenarios representative of each of the types of attacks and were chosen because of their effectiveness, even when the underlying assumptions in the scenarios change (e. g. , warning time). At the same time, we recognize that the response actions may not be ideal for every possibility and every kind of potential attack. Many uncertainties surround what terrorists will be able and willing to do, as well as their adaptability to changing circumstances. Nevertheless, the alternative of not providing individuals with a strategy with specific actions is much less attractive. Without such guidance, individuals would be required to decide what to do when an attack occurs, with the associated risks of acting in far more dangerous ways. What individuals need to do to survive has little to do with the extent of the effects but rather with the dangers that arise to their own personal safety and health (Brower and Chalk, 2003). Thus, the individuals strategy is not based on the scale of potential attacks, and in presenting the strategy; no mention is made about the likely number of casualties in the different types of attacks. By exhaustively analyzing the effects of various terrorist scenarios, it is discovered that individuals would have only a few primary needs rather than the multiplicity that might be expected in such catastrophic situations. These primary needs are captured in the individuals strategy in terms of the overarching goals that an individual would seek in each type of attack. Such a small number of key responses make it easy for individuals to remember. Keeping these overarching goals in mind helps individuals understand the reasoning behind the strategys specific response actions and also allows an individual to adapt to the circumstances as they may actually arise at the time of an attack. Acting simply on the basis of these goals would improve an individuals chances of survival. By understanding the effects of the scenarios, it is then possible to discover what factors are most critical to an individuals ability to achieve these over-arching goals. For chemical and radiological attacks, the critical factors are whether the release is inside a building or outdoors and where an individual is in relation to that release. In nuclear attacks, the critical factors are where the radioactive fallout cloud spreads and whether an individual can move out of this area before it becomes contaminated. The critical factors in biological attacks involve whether the agent is or is not contagious and whether an individual has been exposed or infected (Davis, Howell, Latourrette, and Mosher, 2003). Success in implementing the individuals strategy will depend critically on individuals having advance knowledge about the characteristics of terrorist attacks and the appropriate response actions. This is especially the case for those attacks (chemical, radiological, nuclear) where individuals will need to act on their own quickly without official guidance. Beyond having an advance understanding of what to do in the event of a terrorist attack, the individuals strategy includes additional preparatory steps. Because these have been derived from the response actions, the strategy can ensure that an individual focuses on those critical for terrorist attacks. Gathering information and making plans are by far the most important preparatory steps (e. g. , creating a family communication plan, learning about the evacuation plans in buildings one occupies frequently). At the same time, these preparatory steps are not absolutely essential to the success of the individuals strategy. It is also the case that the response actions for the most part do not require any advance training or practice. All these involve actions that individuals can take that can be effective in saving lives, even in catastrophic terrorist attacks. These actions differ in important ways from how individuals should prepare for natural and other types of disasters. They are appropriate regardless of the likelihood of an attack or whatever the government alert level might be. They are designed to be sensitive to potential variations in how such attacks might unfold but are presented in ways to prepare individuals for surprises (Brower and Chalk, 2003). One important advantage of these approach to defining an individuals strategy is that it can be used now to focus on how groups of individuals in special situations, such as the elderly, sick, and disabled, should prepare for catastrophic terrorism. In some cases, these individuals could be at an advantage (e. g. , those in nursing homes will already be inside in the event of outdoor chemical or radiological attacks). However, they would be at a clear disadvantage in situations in which they needed to move quickly, such as in an indoor chemical attack or a nuclear attack. Given the uncertainties surrounding terrorist threats, our approach could also be used to update the strategy as the characteristics of the threat evolve. New and different scenarios could be examined and our recommended strategy evaluated to assess its continuing relevance in such new environments. In addition, actions that today are not available to individuals could be evaluated as new technologies or medical treatments become available (e. g. , new types of air-filtering systems or vaccines). With the development of detection systems, individuals might gain more effective ways to respond. These could be evaluated using our process and criteria. Finally, should attacks occur in the future, lessons could be learned about the actual effects, individual needs, and utility of various response actions, and these could be introduced into our analysis to see whether any changes should be made. Bibliography: Brower, J. and Chalk, P. 2003. The Global Threat of New and Reemerging Infectious Diseases: Reconciling U. S. National Security and Public Health Policy. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Dando, M. 2002. Preventing Biological Warfare: The Failure of American Leadership. New York: Palgrave Davis, L. , Howell, D. , Latourrette, T. and Mosher, D. 2003. Individual Preparedness and Response to Chemical, Radiological Nuclear, and Biological Terrorist Attacks. Santa Monica, CA: Rand Etzioni, A. 2004. How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? Freedom versus Security in the Age of Terrorism. New York: Routledge International Council of Nurses. 2007. Terrorism and Bioterrorism: Nursing Preparedness. Retrieved 24 July 2007, from icn. ch/matters_bio. htm Inglesby, T. and O’Toole, T. 2007. Medical Aspects of Biological Terrorism. Retrieved 24 July 2007, from acponline. org/bioterro/medicalaspects. htm

Edible Candle - Fire Science Demonstration

Edible Candle - Fire Science Demonstration For this science magic trick, you light a candle, blow out the flame and then eat the candle. Its safe, fun and even nutritious. Edible Candle Materials This project requires a few simple ingredients from the home: bananapecan nutcandle stick or candle holder with wax drippingsmatch or lighter Set Up The Trick Cut a banana so that it resembles a small candle. You want a candle that you can eat in one or two bites.Set your banana-candle on a candle stick or holder. If the candle stick has white wax drippings, this will add realism to the trick.Cut the pecan into a wick shape and set it into the top of the banana.When you are ready to do the trick, light the pecan, just like an ordinary candle wick. Blow out the flame and eat the candle. How It Works Pecans, as well as other nuts, are high in oils. The nut can be lit like a candle wick and will burn for several minutes. You could even use nuts on a cake as birthday candles!

Memoir - texting while driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memoir - texting while driving - Essay Example The American national traffic highway reports that about ten million US drivers use their cell phones when driving. Consequently, there has been high number of accidents that happen every day in US and the world as a whole. Consequently, there have been many deaths being reported from such accidents. Even the most experienced drivers are not safe from distraction by their cell phones while driving. It is so painful to lose souls of innocent persons from the ignorance of few drivers failing to observe driving safety precautions. Distracted driving has been identified by the national highway security management as a critical issue that leads to many accidents. Such driving is attributed to have caused more than three thousand deaths in the year 2011 (Richard 2014). According to Richard 2014, distracters in driving include, looking away from the road while driving, texting and reading text messages when driving. From my experience in driving, no one would have expected I could have caused an accident. Surprisingly, an experienced driver had caused a minor accident and got away with it. In the last 20 years, road accidents used to be caused by abuse of drugs and alcohol. My experience in driving dates more than twenty years ago. Consequently, one could say that I represent some of the many keen drivers in the country. Nevertheless, I used to check my emails and texts when driving my car, and nothing had happened until some time back last year. I was driving down the streets of Texas in a sunny day. As usual, my cell phone was notifying me when a text just came in. In the next 5 seconds, I just realized that I had hit something before me. My mailbox costed me four hundred dollars to pay for the damage I had caused. I was just lucky not to have hit another car or a playing child. I wanted to make a phone call telling my neighbors that I had done it, but I thought it would be worse making him know that I have caused

Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics-Case Study Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Ethics-Case Study - Essay Example This has brought forth the term Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) implying the moral and social welfare promoting aspects that a modern day corporate must posses besides its financial or profit making goals. In a single sentence Corporate Social Responsibility is the culmination of the duties towards the stakeholders that encompasses promotion of social welfare, moral development and sustainable environmental safety. Brief analysis of Bhopal Gas Disaster: The majority of the Indian population lies under the poverty line and are technologically backward. 26 years earlier when the disaster took place the situation was even worse. Furthermore the concerned state Madhya Pradesh was regarded as one of the least developed states of India where the labourers were equipped with little technical expertise. This background does not confer the mentioned state as an ideal place to establish a plant that would eventually be handling a substance as toxic as Methyl Isocyanides. The concerned co mpany Union Carbide ignored these technical issues and made a grave mistake in terms of the strategic management and planning. However, the mistakes made that way become the outcome of greedy business steps when the availability of cheap labours that were hired in the process is taken into account. Ignoring technological impediments regarding the poor standards of the knowledge base of the labourers along with the ignorance of environmental standard those were needed to set a plant of such a complex technology at that place in search of financial gain is the brief but ultimate verdict of the Bhopal disaster. Ans 1 An issue dependent and logical reasoning of blaming Mr. Warren Anderson Once the dreadful early December (December 2 and 3) of 1984 was passed claiming thousands of lives, the famous or infamous chairman of Union Carbide Mr. Warren Anderson was immediately taken into custody in charge of sheer negligence of corporate responsibility. Ironically the person who was responsibl e for thousands of death soon got a personal bail of only USD3000 and came out of custody. Anderson then carried out some sort of investigation that came out with dubious results. On one instance Anderson blamed the entire management team of the company for their negligence that brought the catastrophe and on another instance he gave a much narrowed version while blaming the local plant operation manager alone. (Camino, 1989, p 3; Peterson, 1985, pp. 196-197) Whatever doubtful is the explanation of Mr. Anderson; owing to a political-corporate nexus that is like any other country is operative in India as well; Mr. Anderson was protected and managed to get back to his country USA. Questions had been raised against the then Prime Minister of India Mr. Rajiv Gandhi for protecting and eventually helping him to get back to his country. 26 years later of that event, Mr. Arjun Singh the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh though turned down all these allegations against the late Prime Minister Mr. Rajiv Gandhi; yet pleaded against the heinous acts of Anderson and raised his voice for the immediate arrest of him. Mr. Singh requested the present Prime Minister Mr. Manmohan Singh to initiate a talk with the USA President Mr. Barrack Obama regarding the extradition of Anderson to India where he can be prosecuted for killing of thousands of Indians in front of an Indian court. (Arjun Singh breaks silence on Bhopal gas tragedy, Aug 11, 2010) Owing to the growing agitation regarding

Organizational Impact Essay Example for Free

Organizational Impact Essay Innovation, design, and creativity are important parts of any organization that strives to be a market leader within a given industry. Organizations typically belong to one sector of industry, either service or manufacturer. A company from each sector, Nissan Motors for manufacturing and Verizon Wireless for service are the organizations chosen for evaluation. Nissan Nissan Motors has proven to be a leader in the automobile industry in innovation. When the price of gas increased significantly in 2006, Nissan changed their strategy to include the electric car. With the Toyota Prius already available, Nissan wanted to be the first with a 100% electric car. Recognizing a new market never comes easy for any organization and the impact to the organization can be significant, Nissan took a big risk. Although Nissan began developing an electric car in 1997, the uses for this type of car were not for the public. Initially government agencies and businesses used these cars as fleet cars. With need for alternative fuel sources and public interest, Nissan refocused energy back into the electric car it had originally developed, the Nissan Versa in 2009, renaming the car Nissan Leaf in 2010 (Nissan Motor Company,† n. d. ). Nissan showed its innovation and creativity with the introduction of the first environmentally friendly car that requires no gasoline. The designers for Nissan gave the vehicle a look that is attractive to the buyer and will set the stage for how electric cars will look in coming years as these types of vehicles continue to be the new trend (Nissan Motor Company,† n. d. ). For the first two years after launching the first affordable, mass market electric car, the Nissan Leaf struggled in sales. Nissan began an aggressive marketing strategy and creating strategic partnerships the Nissan Leaf finally reached growth stage. With the organization’s aggressive marketing push, advertisements gave consumers clear messages on how environmentally friendly this new type of vehicle is, how it saves money on the purchase of gas, and that the price tag makes it affordable to most car buyers. In the end, the impact on the strategy of Nissan was minimal other than overcoming the American car buyers’ love for the gas powered engine. Nissan believes in turning what ifs into what is, and with the Nissan Leaf they have brought the innovation of the electric car to reality. Verizon Wireless Verizon wireless formed in 2000 with the merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE (Verizon Corporate History,† 2013). Once complete, the merger created the nation’s largest wireless cell phone service company. In 1992 there was the introduction of the first smart phone. This phone called Simon was capable of much more than making phone calls but there was no network available that was capable of handling the data it could send. This innovation laid the ground work for Verizon’s 4G LTE network. Over the next two decades, mobile network technology grew and in 2010 Verizon Wireless revolutionized lives throughout the United States with LTE technology. Today, Verizon is the largest, most reliable 4G LTE network (Verizon Corporate History,† 2013). The organization delivers the most advanced wireless technology available. Through innovation, Verizon Wireless 4G LTE can provide services in the fields of transportation, health care, small businesses, and education. With the advanced technology Verizon Wireless provides its customers, street vendors can make payment transactions and EMS personnel can improve on response times and patient care. Verizon Wireless is no longer just a cell phone provider. However, the innovation of this technology over the years has forced Verizon to change its strategy several times to remain the best in the industry. The impact on Verizon’s strategy was a $66 billion dollar investment in their technology and infrastructure (Verizon Corporate History,† 2013). Although the policies of Verizon did not change, the marketing of what services they could provide had to. Conclusion Innovation, design, and creativity impact organizations in different ways. For the Nissan Company the impact was minimal because the organization already had a design, prototype, and the infrastructure to make the product. This product affected the marketing strategy the most because the vehicle needed aggressive measures to get the car selling. As technology continues to evolve rapidly there will still be some changes made to the electric car in the years to come. The impact on Verizon was more significant because the organization’s technology needed further development to accommodate manufacturers of cell phones such as the Apple I-phone and the Android. Verizon needed innovation, design, and creativity to develop not only the technology but also the service plans as well. In today’s business environment, organizations, whether they are manufacturers or service-based must be ready to change strategies and evaluate the impact on the organization’s business constantly.

Free College Admissions Essays: Physics and Philosophy :: College Admissions Essays

Physics and Philosophy    Physics has always been the science that interests me most. It seems to me that physics tackles fundamental questions about the universe and it feels more relevant than other sciences. I enjoy experimental work in physics but do sometimes feel limited by the resources available at my college. I would like the chance to use more sophisticated equipment to investigate more advanced level physics. Actually doing some of the important experiments of the last century, such as Rutherford's proof for the existence of the proton would add a new level of realism to particle physics. My interest in Philosophy developed through my study of Law at AS-level. I started to take an interest in jurisprudence and read a number of texts on the subject. I found that these contained many terms that I had never really encountered before. This has left me wanting to find out more about philosophy and different ways of thinking.    I have chosen these subjects because I enjoy them and would like to look into them in more depth than I have done in the past. I have chosen Physics and Philosophy because the combination of subjects requires both mathematical and scientific ability but also aptitude in written communication and logic. I would like to leave my options open in terms of possible career and I feel that by developing a number of different skills this will give me the best possible knowledge base.    I would like to use the opportunity of higher education to strengthen my mathematical and science related abilities such as investigation and problem solving. However parallel to this I would also like to further improve skills in areas such as discussion and structured argument. I would also like to develop my written communication skills and I feel that this courses especially the Philosophy aspect would let me advance my writing style.    One of my main interests outside school is computers and the Internet. I have been using the Internet regularly for a number of years for many different purposes including research and communication. I have also developed my own web page and looked at things such as HTML and CGI scripts. My other interests are general socialising and also keeping fit. I am a member of my local gym and also regularly go swimming. I have gained my NPLQ lifeguard qualification and also have recently passed my two star canoe test and hope to progress onto my three star certification.

Marketing Reasearch Topshop Essay

Many organisations use marketing research to contribute to the development of their businesses because Market research can improve marketing strategies. Market research gives you concrete feedback regarding the product or service. You can use the information from market studies in your marketing strategy to define your target market, position your product, and price it appropriately. TOPSHOP is one of the world’s most internationally recognized fashion design talent schemes its part of the Arcadia Group, which owns a number of other retail outlets, it seems to be the single biggest supporter of emerging design talent in the UK. Arcadia Group ones over than 500 stores in more than 30 markets, supporting franchisees. Retail is a popular market as many new designers and stores are always popping Using marketing research is the most common kind of research as you can determine your market how you need to brand your product. Also finding competitors can be very useful when selling similar products for example a very popular fashion necessity like leggings. These leather leggings are popular in London at the moment and many stores are selling them however as TOPSHOP is such a popular brand people would rather spend  £33 at TOPSHOP then  £12.99 at a more basic store even with the significant price difference. This shows the importance of market research and branding, TOPSHOP’s reputation and brand awareness allows them to sell product at a higher price than other market competitors. Both products are made from the same material 100% Polyurethane but TOPSHOPS modifies the basic shape by adding multiple seams and a metal zipper, this adds a more fashionable twist then other companies which then allow TOPSHOP’s marketing team to increase the price to beat competitors. Topshop is a British clothes retailer specialized in women’s clothing and fashion accessories. Topshop started life in 1964 as Peter Robinson’s Topshop. By the 1970s Topshop had the first stand-alone store which was opened in 1974 however in 1994 the brand began to grow and set up at 214 Oxford Store. TOPSHOP first had a reputation of being a tacky low price clothing outlet. As the brand started growing they created TOPSHOP ‘plus’ to appeal to a larger market and compete with potential market competitors, which has now earned the fame of now leading fashion retailer. This success is owed to market strategy made in 1994 by going upscale. TOPSHOP ‘plus’ products will arrive first in the market and will be of high quality and very low comparative price. TOPSHOP plus stock up to date fashion clothes and accessories before any of its competitors does in the market because of the brand status many sellers want to work with TOPSHOP as they have so much publicity and celebrity endorsement. The endorsement from the British super model Kate Moss acted to strengthen Top Shop’s image as being first class in fashion clothing additionally the collection arrived in stores, designed to capture the models’ unique sense of style, Kate Moss for Top shop was one of the most hotly anticipated high street collaborations. Over time, TOPSHOP will come to be known not only as just the fashion accessory provider but much rather a trend setter especially with its in-house designer brands and those exclusively introduced and introduced by fashion industry leaders. Due to its various marketing efforts, innovations in the business and exclusive services for its customers, it is now the biggest and the most differentiated name in the fashion industry especially when it comes to retailers in the field.

The 1/3 Technology Partnership Challenge

The improvement of the fifth generation (5G) mobile and wireless networks has advanced at a fast pace. The 1/3 technology Partnership challenge (3GPP) aims to complete the initial no standalone option of 5G till the cease of 2017. on account that mid-2015, the ecu Union (european) budget 5G Public private Partnership (5GPPP) phase 1 projects1 that have played an vital role in organising a pre-standardization consensus on regions starting from physical layer to average architecture, network management and software networks. Numerous technologies and innovations from these projects have substantially contributed to the development in requirements growing groups (SDOs). With the intention of consolidating the final results of 5GPPP tasks into an common structure imaginative and prescient and responding to the diverse requirements of 5G use cases and offerings, the 5G architecture running institution has been energetic for the reason that begin of the 5GPPP initiative. The 5G device has the ambition of responding to the widest range of offerings and packages inside the records of mobile and wireless communications categorized in (i) better mobile broadband (eMBB), (ii) extremely-reliable and low-latency communications (URLLC) and (iii) massive device-type communications (mMTC). In responding to the requirements of these offerings and packages, the 5G gadget targets to offer a bendy platform allowing new business instances and fashions integrating vertical industries, such as, car, manufacturing, energy, eHealth, and amusement. in this foundation, network cutting emerges as a promising future-evidence framework adhering to the technological and business needs of various industries. To acquire this intention, community reducing wishes to be designed from an end-to-end attitude, spanning over distinctive era domain names (e.g., core, shipping and get right of entry to networks) and administrative domains (e.g., exceptional cell network operators) which includes management and orchestration features. Moreover, safety architecture shall be natively incorporated into the general structure, pleasing the requirements of offerings and programs touching on safety-vital use instances. The objective first to get familiar with 5G security the way it has been addressed through Phase 1 in terms the â€Å"What† and â€Å"Why† but additionally, and possibly most significantly, pave the manner for Phase 2 initiatives so we can leverage the achievements resulting from this first Phase.

Writing For People Who Write

Writing For People Who Write Writing For People Who Write Writing For People Who Write By Michael If you want to convince young people to do something, do you write for young people? Or do you write for people whom young people listen to? Years ago, people thought of communications as a hypodermic needle or a magic bullet. Prepare your message and shoot it into your audience. One problem with that approach is that most people dont enjoy needles. They enjoy bullets even less. Another problem with that approach, as Ive said before, is that its impossible to inject your message into other peoples brains and expect it to always mean the same thing to them as it does to you. A third problem with the hypodermic needle tactic is that people usually dont make important decisions simply because they read an article or a book. They make important decisions after talking with other people. They want to be reassured that theyre doing the right thing. Or they may not really understand what they just read. Your friend may be able to explain the point more meaningfully than the writer could, because your friend understands you better than the writer does. Ideas are often communicated in a two-step flow, a communications model that was conceived by sociologists Paul Lazarsfeld and Elihu Katz in the 1950s. An advertisers sells a product to the cool kids, who sell the other kids on it so they can be cool too. A scholar writes an article that nobody can stay awake to read, except for a popular blogger who restates the ideas and starts a wind storm of controversy. Sociologists often talk about elites and opinion leaders, but for young people (and for most of the rest of us), the people who really influence our opinions may not have a title before or after their names and may not live in mansions. As a teenager, I was influenced by social misfits with original ideas. A humble, well-informed person could be an opinion leader for you. The owner of an art gallery in my town is one of the best listeners I know, but when she recommends a restaurant or suggests a shortcut, I listen to her because shes lived here for forty years. If you want to convince young people with your writing, you could first ask the question, Do young people even read? If they do, what do they read? Or, if they dont read, who do they listen to? Who do they watch? And what do those people read? On one end of the flow are the millions of dollars spent answering those questions. On the other end are the fifteen-year-olds sending instant messages to their friends. If the advertisers cant influence the fifteen-year-old writers, they will have wasted their millions. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Useful Stock Phrases for Your Business Emails50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Sentence Adverbs

Inning, Innings, and the Seventh-Inning Stretch

Inning, Innings, and the Seventh-Inning Stretch Inning, Innings, and the Seventh-Inning Stretch Inning, Innings, and the Seventh-Inning Stretch By Maeve Maddox In the games of baseball and cricket, opposing teams take turns batting a ball. A baseball game is divided into nine innings during which each team has a turn at bat. Each half of an inning ends with the third out. (An out occurs when a player strikes out or is tagged between bases.) I’ll let Merriam-Webster explain the cricket term innings: innings (noun): plural but singular or plural in construction :   a division of a cricket match in which one side continues batting until ten players are retired or the side declares; also :  the time a player stays as a batsman until he is out, until ten teammates are out, or until his side declares. Both terms have given rise to figurative expressions. In reference to cricket, the term â€Å"to have one’s innings† can mean simply, â€Å"to have one’s turn at something.† Spoken of someone who dies at an advanced age, â€Å"to have a good innings,† means, â€Å"to have a long and successful life.† Here are some examples of the figurative use of innings: The men had their innings in a revival of George Bernard Shaw’s Don Juan in Hell, performed as a staged reading in the style designed by Charles Laughton in 1952. Berry told the Radio Times: I have no desire to be a centenarian. I think 90 is a great time. Youve had a good innings.† From baseball comes the expression â€Å"the seventh-inning stretch.† The ritual of the seventh-inning stretch is described in a letter dated 1869: The spectators all arise between halves of the seventh inning, extend their legs and arms and sometimes walk about. In so doing they enjoy the relief afforded by relaxation from a long posture upon hard benches. Chicago Cubs fans have been singing â€Å"Take Me Out to the Ballgame† during the seventh-inning stretch since 1982. It’s often referred to as â€Å"the seventh-inning song.† In researching this post, I discovered that some baseball fans are a bit confused about what to call this traditional interlude: Incorrect: The  seventh ending stretch  came and to our surprise an announcement was being made over the loud speakers and a message appeared on the scoreboard. Correct : The  seventh-inning stretch  came and to our surprise an announcement was being made over the loud speakers and a message appeared on the scoreboard. Incorrect: In typical fashion, the third quarter seemed like a seventh ending stretch. Bear and I both took several catnaps due to the lackluster performance of both teams. Correct : In typical fashion, the third quarter seemed like a seventh-inning stretch. Bear and I both took several catnaps due to the lackluster performance of both teams. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadRound vs. Around75 Synonyms for â€Å"Hard†

High performance team Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

High performance team - Essay Example They are unaware of the knowledge being delivered to each team member for fulfilment of goals and objectives (Heathfield, 2007). 3. Lack of appropriate leadership style by the manager can also harm the team spirit and divert them from their established goals. The manager needs to adopt a specific leadership style to help and maintain the team’s enthusiasm and expectations. The ultimate goal for building a high-spirited team is to strive for improving customer satisfaction. Listed below are successful characteristics of building self-directed and high performing teams (Heathfield, 2007): 7. Control is an important empowerment for fulfilling the task as it develops the awareness that recommendations made by the team members will be scrutinised by their manager as the final decision rest with him (Buchholz, 1987). 1. Prevention and resolving conflicts: A safe and supportive organisational environment can build mutual trust and respect for its fellow team members. It can enable the members to express their opinions and problems with each other. For prevention of conflicts, following steps can be taken to make it a positive influence on the team (Fernandez, 2011). A collaborative agreement for negotiation between the team members and the manger can divulge a win- win situation. It is positive for both the interest and leads to total satisfaction for the high performance teams as well as the management (Fernandez,

Service Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Service Management - Assignment Example The author illustrates the relationship between the named variables using two case studies. The conclusion was that cultural differences between the tourist and the operator greatly influence the supply chain management in this industry. As such, training was needed in order to enhance the cultural skills of the tourism operator in order to improve the process (Koblun, 2011). Basically, this article is trying to point out the fact that cultural greatly influences the tourism industry. This is true especially in the 21st century where various cultures are converging together due to globalization effects (Reisinger, 2009). It is also true that the best way to improve performance is through training as it will enhance intercultural communication skills that can be used in the supply chain management (Wahab, 2001).   From the presented data, the confirmed link from the service performance network includes leadership-strategy-process-services-customer satisfaction-retention and loyalty-financial performance. However, a link that involves staff satisfaction and anything related to the consumers such as retention loyalty and attraction have not yet been confirmed (Johnston, Clark & Shulver, 2012). All this comes due to the positive linear correlations between sales per square meter, share of grocery budget, customer satisfaction and customer referral. All these show that customer loyalty and customer satisfaction is high. The same also illustrates that service value and output quality is high. The named organization has a reputation based on excellent services, which is the reason why customer satisfaction and referral is high. Nevertheless, there is a negative linear correlation between employee turnover, referral, satisfaction, style of supervision and operating ratio. Since these are indicators of employee loyalty, employee service capability and employee

Summary and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary and analysis - Essay Example Even if they are to be refunded the amount when they are tested negative, still the pain of the expenses would be badly felt by the applicant as they are there in the first place asking for help because they need money to spend for their basic needs and not on some tests that require them precious time and nickels. The reason why this is being taken into consideration is that because it is not only in welfare application that drug tests are being required but in similar situations as well like the job training programs. On another note, the author also considers the fact that there are taxpayers arguing that every penny they pay should be used to help other people for their necessities and not drug dependence, he supports his argument by what statistics say about certain groups. For instance, he notes that if drug testing the welfare applicants were used as a checking tool for drug users, it has been documented that there is no significant difference between the number of drug users among welfare applicants and non-applicants. In fact, another study he mentioned supports that seventy percent of illegal drug users are from the employed group (Cohen). This means that those who really are seeking the government’s help are not the unemployed as it is implied by the policy on drug test implies. Getting back with the argument of taxpayers supporting the expenses of drug users, it is true that they may have all the right to make sure that the money they sweated for is used for good purposes and not for the vices of abusive citizens, it has to be considered also that drug testing applicants is not the answer to checking drug use. On the part of the government, there could be large amounts of money to be saved from not paying applicants who will test positive in their drug tests and this is one argument the author is trying to dig in the article. Considering

Factors Affecting Health Communication Campaigns

Factors Affecting Health Communication Campaigns A comparison of HIV Aids and Polio Campaigns in Aligargh, Uttar Pradesh Introduction: Last two decades of the century has seen a renewed interest in the field of health communication, disease prevention and health promotion. This was because it was realized that continued investments in clinical health research brings diminishing returns if it is not accompanied with strategic information, education and communication(IEC) efforts. (Pencheon, Guest, Melzer, Gray, 2004) Public and government health departments are rich with tacit knowledge regarding health communication practices and the problems encountered with the population in their geographical area. However this information is rarely collected and written down due to lack of resources. Effective communication can spread knowledge, value and social norms. This can be instrumental in affecting behaviour and improving the over-all health status of the population. India faces a dual challenge in tackling the problem of HIV Aids and Polio. First is the overall high population and poor living conditions of people living in small towns and villages, and second is the complex socio- cultural factors which lead to poor awareness and stigma attached to these diseases. It is important to understand these factors which affect the impact of health communication campaigns in a particular geo-graphical sub system if a comprehensive micro understanding of this field has to be generated. Moreover there always exists a gap between the people who design health communication campaigns and the campaign implementers. An assessment and feed-back from the grass root level implementers needs to be taken if this gap has to be effectively filled. This research hopes to uncover these insights which will be useful not only to the academics but also to the practitioners. Literature review Health Communication: Health communication involves the use of communication strategies by experts in public health domain to influence the health behaviour of people. It is a link between health care practices and communication which has a significant impact on influencing individual and community behaviour towards health and thereby a huge potential to significantly improve their life. (Neil Mckee, 2004) HIV AIDS: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the immune system, destroying or impairing their function. As the infection progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, and the person becomes more susceptible to infections. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS; antiretroviral drugs can slow down the process even further. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse (anal or vaginal), transfusion of contaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles, and between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. Global Case load: HIV Aids In countries most heavily affected, HIV has reduced life expectancy by more than 20 years, slowed economic growth, and deepened household poverty. In sub-Saharan Africa alone, the epidemic has orphaned nearly 12 million children aged less than 18 years. The natural age distribution in many national populations in sub-Saharan Africa has been dramatically skewed by HIV, with potentially perilous consequences for the transfer of knowledge and values from one generation to the next. In Asia, where infection rates are much lower than in Africa, HIV causes a greater loss of productivity than any other disease, and is likely to push an additional 6 million households into poverty by 2015 unless national responses are strengthened (Commission on AIDS in Asia, 2008). According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), HIV has inflicted the single greatest reversal in human development in modern history (UNDP, 2005). Fig 1.1 A global view of HIV Infection (UNAIDS, 2008) The current statistics on HIV/AIDS as published by UNAIDS (2008) are: Estimate People living with HIV/AIDS 33.0 million Adults living with HIV/AIDS 30.8 million Women living with HIV/AIDS 15.5 million Children living with HIV/AIDS 2.0 million People newly infected with HIV in 2007 2.7 million Children newly infected with HIV in 2007 0.37 million AIDS deaths in 2007 2.0 million Child AIDS deaths in 2007 0.27 million Fig. 1.2 -Current Statistics on HIV Aids Global Health Communication initiatives for HIV Aids: Education Entertainment Approach: The Soul City, South Africa (Goldstein, Japhet, E.Scheepers, 2004) South Africa even though a developed country had a wretched health care system, mainly due to long years of apartheid practices. In late 1990s Dr Garth Japhet, a young doctor observed this at Alex clinic. He observed that the health communication efforts in South Africa where very slogan based and not sustainable. Bursts of activity like National Aids day were not enough. There was no formative research before planning these campaigns. More over the campaigns followed a Top Down approach, and lacked synergies between medical community, government and media. Soul City was an extensive multi media campaign started in South Africa, due to the efforts of Dr Garth Japhet. The whole campaign was a collection of mass media campaigns which were connected and implemented year on year. There was a 13 part prime time- television series called Soul city, which was accompanied by a 60 episode radio show. Even though content of both these shows was not similar yet they both highlighted same health issues. Later on printed IEC material was also developed and distributed based on the characters of Soul City. These booklets were also reviewed by 11 top newspapers of the country. Through 1994 to 1999 five series of Soul city were broadcasted. These were consisted rated as top three most watched drama series in South Africa. The Radio program also got very high listenership ratings. Formative research and high creative input went into designing the IEC material which was targeted uniquely to adults and young population. The key to success of Soul City multimedia program was use of media conversion, from print to radio to television. This encouraged inter-personal discussions about health issues. Learning: Locally developed content which has quality entertainment works well For a multimedia educational model to succeed it should return value to all the stake holders Media advocacy leads to policy and social change A continual and integrated multimedia strategy is necessary if the effect of communication has to be sustained. Against Stigma: ACT UP, United States of America (Documents archive/Act Up explained) Stigma is a problem which plagues every country and becomes a very important factor in HIV + people seeking help and coming out in public .The Aids Coalition to unleash power , is one such organisation which attempts to remove this stigma through bold and creative action. They boldly use their slogan Silence = Death which urges people to speak up about HIV and Aids. They seek to normalize talks about condoms and Aids by radical action like sticking posters on telephone booths which say this telephone has been touched by a person with Aids Public demonstrations at churches, baseball fields, Wall Street etc are held to imply that Aids is everybodys business. Once during a Sunday sermon session in New York the ACT UP activists did staged a mass die in outside to highlight the bishops silence on Aids. ACT UP activists use linguistic symbols to make strong statements like -No, Glove No Love and Aids is no ball game. These were used as places like Shea baseball stadium. Learning: ACT UP founder Larry Kramer studied the fight against stigma by Mahatma Gandhi and Dr Martin Luther King and suitably adapted it for modern day audience Use of creative and clutter breaking ideas helps discussion and normalization of sensitive issues like stigma Use of public demonstration, Sit ins and Die ins helps create buzz and social change. Health communication efforts for HIV Aids in India: The National Aids Control Program (UNAIDS, 2008): Every State in India has an Aids prevention and Control Society which under supervision from NACO carries out local initiatives. The second Stage of National Aids control program (NACP) ended on March 2006.This focussed on various platforms to promote youth education about safe sex, safe blood donation and HIV testing. Various platforms like Street plays, concerts, national aids day, TV and radio spots, and celebrity endorsements were utilised. Use of teachers and peer group influencers was done to disseminate knowledge about HIV aids The third stage of NACP will have a strong focus on condom promotion. The installation of over 11,000 condom vending machines in colleges, road-side restaurants, stations, gas stations and hospitals has been done. With support from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the government has also initiated a campaign called Condom Bindas Bol!, which involves advertising, public events and celebrity endorsements. It aims to break the taboo that currently surrounds condom use in India, and to persuade people that they should not be embarrassed to buy them. (Shhhhnot anymore!) Various multi-media campaigns have been implemented in India to create awareness about HIV. These include special communication programs to target special audience like sex workers, truck drivers, and street children. Radio programs are broadcasted on a regular basis to disseminate information. Field publicity units, Drama and song division has been set up to target rural India. Aids hotlines with around 1097 toll free numbers have been set up in major cities of India. A very successful program has been the University Talk Aids (UTA program), which covered 4,044 institutions in India and reached out to 3.5 million students. The program was implemented by National Service Scheme with assistance from WHO and NACO.Independent evaluation suggested that the program was highly successful in creating a healthy attitude about sex among young children  ­Communication regarding Condom promotion: Social marketing of Condoms combined with free distribution has been used to promote usage among general public as well as high risk groups. Department of Family welfare has been instrumental in distribution and supply of condoms. Family Health Awareness Campaign This campaign was focussed on creating awareness about RTI and STI among the general public as well as the field level functionaries. This campaign is organised annually in rural as well as urban slum areas. (Shaukat Mohammed, 2003) Reaching Special Audiences: Reaching Men who have Sex with men (MSM): Case Study Naz foundation Trust of India: (Rakesh, 2002) Background: India with a very high population runs the risks of very high PLHA even if a low prevalence rate of HIV is present. Even though most sources of infection are through hetero-sexual sex yet in certain areas like north -eastern India, IDU becomes a dominant factor for HIV transmission. Strategy: The Naz foundation was set up in 1994 to address sexual health issues of MSM, women, truck drivers and PLHA. The key communication objectives were: Communication about modes of transmission Prevention and risk reducing strategies Means of accessing treatment The intervention strategies utilised were: Community outreach: Nine outreach sites which were staffed with officers who provided information on safe sexual health practices, condom usage and provided referrals STI referrals: A non judgemental approach to STI risk patients was followed. STI clinics were set up with a MSM friendly physicians Social and Group meetings: support groups were formed to help MSM and create a freer environment for information interchange Counseling:Telephone hot lines and personal counselling was set up to address MSM concerns Results: The implementation of Naz foundation strategies was evaluated and it showed a number of positive results. An increase from 11 % to 43% for all time condom usage ,the STI clinic visits increased from 24% to 56%, and condom usage by male sex workers increased from 20% to 43 % Learning: Naz foundation realized that in order to reach out to special audiences tailored solutions are necessary. Some risk groups like female partners of MSMs are very difficult to reach and hence intensive efforts are needed in this area. Reaching out to Injecting Drug Users (IDU): Case Study IDUs in New Delhi India (Dorabjee, 1998) Background: In some cities of India like New Delhi the HIV prevalence rate among IDU users is as high as 85%.The Indian NGO Sharan has been working for IDU since 1979,and has done some breakthrough work in this area.(AIDS Analysis Asia ,1996). Strategy: IDU were motivated to join either drug substitution therapy which involved substituting drug injections to oral drug usage or needle exchange program where the registered IDU users vouched to stop exchanging needles during drug usage. The reason behind the success of this program was that it managed to develop a strong trust among IDU users because it employed recovering drug users as outreach workers. Constant feedback was sought from them and the program was modified accordingly. The IEC approaches used were counselling, peer education, information on sexual transmission of HIV aids, condom distribution and drug use prevention programs. Results: 33 % of registered IDU started taking oral drugs instead of Injections 21% stopped sharing needles Use of advocacy resulted in government accepting the use of harm reduction strategies for IDU users Learning: Political support is necessary for the success of any IEC project on sensitive issues. This can be influenced through strong advocacy Incorporating feedbacks by outreach workers and IDU can significantly increase the impact of the campaign A range of clinical, social and communication services are required to meet the purpose of HIV prevention among IDU users Addressing the mobile population: Case Study the Trucker Population of India (Bhoruka, 2001) There are about 50 million trucker population in India, who spend around ten months away from home. Around 70% of these engage in unprotected extra marital sex (UNAIDS, 2006).HIV infection is high in this segment along with a high STI danger. A major obstacle is that these truck drivers do not use condoms for road side sex as it regarded as a re-creational activity. Strategy: The Bhoruka public welfare trust (BPWT), attempted to reach these truck drivers through free tea parlours set up at 5 main route stops in India. These tea parlours offered a meeting ground for the truck drivers and offered tea, newspaper, TV and other forms of entertainment. However no prostitution or drugs were encouraged. Condoms, clinical counselling and STI medical referrals were offered at a subsidised rate. The most important aspect was focus on peer education and counselling. As these truck drivers discussed about their life, peer educators gave them counselling and information. Parking lots were used as another reaching stop where peer educator gave out condoms and IEC material. This program became so successful that various truck drivers themselves became informal peer educators. The tea-shops were also managed by truck drivers or sex workers. Informal truck driver peer educators were later trained and given certificates to become formal peer educators and work in these tea shops. Small motivational incentives like bags and pens were also offered to these truck drivers as well as informal peer educators. Results: Every tea centre reaches out to close to 48,000 people annually, provides subsidised treatment to 2,200 patients .Fifty percent of these patients are treated for STIs Around 200 truck drivers had been trained as peer educators by the year 2000 The condom social marketing component of this program was very successful, with steady increase in condom sales. Till 2000 there were 104,832 sold and 162 active condom distribution set up. Learning: A high level of motivation should be maintained amongst the peer learning groups. Its important to have support of all the stakeholders for the success of any ICE program. Poliomyelitis (polio) Poliomyelitis (polio) is a highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children. The virus is transmitted through contaminated food and water, and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system. Many infected people have no symptoms, but do excrete the virus in their faeces, hence transmitting infection to others. Initial symptoms of polio include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, stiffness in the neck, and pain in the limbs. In a small proportion of cases, the disease causes paralysis, which is often permanent. Polio can only be prevented by immunization (World Health Organisation) Global Case load: Polio Polio cases have decreased by over 99% since 1988, from an estimated 350 000 cases in more than 125 endemic countries then, to 1997 reported cases in 2006. In 2008, only parts of four countries in the world remain endemic for the disease the smallest geographic area in history. In 1994, the World Health Organization (WHO) Region of the Americas (36 countries) was certified polio-free, followed by Western Pacific Region (37 countries and areas including China) in 2000 and the WHO European Region (51 countries) in June 2002. In 2007, more than 400 million children were immunized in 27 countries during 164 supplementary immunization activities (SIAs). Globally, polio surveillance is at historical highs, as represented by the timely detection of cases of acute flaccid paralysis. Persistent pockets of polio transmission in northern India, northern Nigeria and the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan are key epidemiological challenges. As long as a single child remains infected with polio, children in all countries are at risk of contracting the disease. The poliovirus can easily be imported into a polio-free country and can spread rapidly among unimmunised populations. Between 2003 and 2005, 25 previously polio-free countries were re-infected due to importations. The four polio-endemic countries are Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan. Global Health Communication efforts for Pulse Polio: Strategic communication efforts in Afghanistan (Rafiqi, 2004) The Pulse polio eradication program of Afghanistan faced stiff challenges due to illiteracy, resistance, inaccessibility and worsening security conditions. Strategic approach for Polio health communication in Afghanistan focussed on advocacy, social mobilization, communication to support the program and training. Advocacy was achieved by involving top leaders at every program launch, and getting them involved at all levels by sharing epidemiological data. Social mobilization through involvement of religious leaders, mosque and prayer announcements, and inter-personal communication. Television and Radio was also utilized. Communication to support the program was achieved through district and community based forums which encouraged discussions, dedicated community specific social mobilization workers were employed and training was given to Imams and other religious leaders. Print media was used effectively for brochures, banners and leaflets. Learning: Its a challenge to shift the focus of health communication from campaign type to sustainable communication Advocacy at highest level is instrumental to success of the campaign Use of local facilities like mosques, bazaars, mobile loudspeakers etc lead to effective social mobilization Appropriate mix of print and radio can effectively reach mobile population Establish strong relationship with religious leaders Promote health education through health facilities as well as private practitioners Ensure all factions of community are involved including women Polio immunization efforts through public health education efforts in West Africa. (African Science Academy Development Initiative (ASADI), 2005) Nigeria faced a major challenge when polio vaccination was stalled in northern areas due to huge negative controversy in local as well international media regarding the safety of these oral medicines. Moreover allot of trusted religious leaders also spoke out against the vaccine. To fight this drastic loss of acceptance of Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), a strong communication plan was developed with the objective that each child should get OPV drops.This was achieved through heightened advocacy through large scale public flag offs of campaigns, direct involvement of the president, working with the private companies including telecom companies, and engagement of religious as well as community networks. To focus on community education community mobilizers were assigned to high risk area, traditional media like street theatre, town criers, mobile cinema and folk songs were utilized. Mass media like TV spots and radio jingles were also integrated Effective use of Media for behaviour change was used. This included broadcasting in national languages, special programs for minority groups, projection of human interest stories to create positive dialogue, folk media, community theatre and mobile cinema followed by dialogue. Success of this campaign can be determined by the fact that the demand for immunization and OPV drops substantially increased. The OPV controversy was effectively resolved, along with support from key stake holders. Learning: Behaviour Change through public education and integrated mass and traditional campaigns can effectively result in more demand and acceptance of polio immunization. Health communication efforts for Polio: India Reducing resistance and increasing community dialogue: Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) India, 2007) Meerut is one of the regions of Uttar -Pradesh which is seen as high risk for the polio endemic. A highly innovative social mobilization campaign was implemented in Meerut, which involved: Use of distinct influencers; Three teams of 35 Urdu teachers,24 kirana store owners and Hajis (people who have completed Haj pilgrimage )were involved in these teams. Close to 25,000 primary schools were approached on republic day, to educate the children, inform them of the dates of immunisation so that better participation is achieved. Mosques were approached to educate the community. Their participation increase from 61% in January 2007 to 74% in February 2007. Meetings on a regular basis were conducted with mothers and daughter in laws, to discuss polio and child health issues. Booklets were published which contained poems written by local influential poets. These boosted the morale of health workers and also worked as strong advocacy measure. Due to these innovative techniques Meerut recorded the lowest no. of resistant households in Uttar Pradesh in 2007. Learning: Polio needs to be incorporated as a part of overall child health program . Consistent, open and on-going dialogue with all factions of community is necessary. Use of innovative techniques to create interest: Polio Joker (Kher, 2007) Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC), hired Manchanda Jha to dress up as a joker and attract kids to polio booths .He sings songs about polio, does tricks, engages children and gives information about the importance of polio drops alongside.When dances and sings Chal chale polio boothpe hum sathiyoon, chalke do boondh jeevan ke le sathiyon the children are not only humoured but also an important message has been delivered. He became so successful that he came to be called Polio Joker popularly. He has been instrumental in reaching out to care-givers and kids in slum areas. This program was implemented for three years and has very high recall value. Learning: New entertaining techniques need to be implemented if communication has to reach children Communication methods should be tailored to meet the needs of high risk areas. Rationale of the research Health status of a country is influenced by a number of factors like food, water, income, sanitation, education and accessibility to health care services. Health communication campaigns and health services dont exist in a vacuum but are influenced by external socio-economic, cultural and factors. These factors play an important part on how health information education and communication campaigns are designed, implemented and finally received by the target audience. These factors also influence policies, resource allocation, technology, training of medical staff and communication strategies used. These in turn shape the health services system of a particular region. Studies which have documented the health communication efforts have restricted themselves to an analysis at national level. It will be not surprising to find that in a complex nation like India various sub-systems exist, and every sub-system might influence the message in its own way. HIV AIDS and Polio are two major health concerns faced by Indian population. On-going and consistent efforts are made to educate people regarding these. However again within a geographic sub-system people might react and respond both these campaigns in a differential manner owing to a variety of factors like sensitivity of the issue, complexity of the message and stigma. Through this study I wish to explore these factors which affect the impact of health communication campaigns of HIV Aids and Polio, in a geographic sub-system. Research Objectives: Through the analysis of the literature review and recommendation of my guide the following research objectives have been identified: To understand the health communication processes and initiatives undertaken for HIV Aids and Polio prevention/care at a sub-system, grass root level. To identify factors which lead to an differential impact of these health communication campaigns To suggest improvements ,if possible, to current health communication practices followed in the geographic sub-system Research Areas: Health communication campaigns which will be studied extensively are: Against HIV-Aids: These will include the communication efforts in the area of prevention (transmission through mother to child, sexual transmission and primary prevention) and against stigma. Against Pulse Polio: Campaigns for polio education and routine immunisation will be studied. This study aims to understand the use of traditional media, electronic and human channel employed at the grass root level. What are the problems faced in implementation, what are the intermediary factors which affect them, and what measures are taken to combat these problems. An evaluation of these campaigns will also be conducted based on how much has the target audience been receptive to them, and responded by either positive action or behaviour change. Ultimately both these campaigns will be compared and contrasted to arrive at the differentiating factors which impact the outcome of these. Research Methodology: Phase One An extensive secondary research will be done to establish a foundation for the primary research. The literature review provides certain learning about different methods of strategic health communication. This learning will be taken forward to secondary research where the focus will be kept on the grass root health communication initiatives undertaken in the chosen sub-system. In addition a case study method will be employed to shape up the key focus areas for the primary research. Phase two This phase will consist of primary research will be essentially qualitative and exploratory in nature. The purpose of this type of research methodology is to generate basic knowledge on relevant areas, discover associated factors, and identify information gaps. Data collection and Analysis: Secondary research will consist of data collection from online sources, medical and communication journals as well as reports. Various performance reports and internal documents which are generated at the primary sub-system level will also be looked into gather data. Expert In-depth interviews will be conducted to gain more understanding on the subject. It is important to note that the interviews will be open -ended and flexible to generate maximum insights. These interviews will involve extensive probing and will utilize the technique of laddering, An interview guideline will however be prepared for a comprehensive and systematic execution. Similar technique of in-depth interviews will also be employed to collect information from target audience regarding the appeal of the campaigns. The reason why in-depth-interviews will be used over other methods of data collection is: It is flexible It provides in-depth information about areas to be covered Since the area of study is very specialised it provides scope for clarification Some of the issues which needs to be discussed are personal in nature, a face to face and private discussion is necessary Like other techniques, this tool also suffers from certain limitations. It is prone to bias and largely depend on the skill of the interviewer. It is an expensive technique, can be time consuming and responses may be difficult to interpret. The structure of the interview is not clearly defined unlike a survey and so same questions may not be asked to all the respondents Area of Study: The chosen geographical sub-system for the primary research is Aligarh in UP. The reasons behind this are the following: Northern UP has a relatively high prevalence rate of HIV AIDS Its one of the few areas in India which is still Polio Endemic Familiarity with the local language Initial contacts are available Timeframe of the study: Phase one-: November till mid-December 2009 Phase two/primary research: Mid December to January 2010 Sampling: Sampling universe consists of all the experts in the area of the study, and the population to which the health communica